Problems like Image segmentation rely heavily on concepts like Graph Theory.  Natural Language processing is again a very statistical field.  Machine Learning requires a solid understanding of probability For time series forecasting it might help to know about fourier analysis, FFT, regression based prediction, etc. Backpropagation algorithm in neural networks requires an understanding of calculus. 

There is no escaping mathematics in the field of AI.  AI is simply Mathematics brought into action via Computing - which requires programming, data structures, algorithms, systems and concurrent programming.